World Settlement Footprint (WSF) 3D - Material Stock - Global, 90m

Buildings provide indispensable services for human wellbeing, but their construction and use are responsible for a substantial fraction of societies’ resource requirements and greenhouse gas emissions. Mapping and quantifying the material stocks in buildings is a key research frontier in Industrial Ecology. Reliable and spatially highly resolved maps of material stocks in buildings world-wide are so far not available. Existing approaches based on nighttime light data allow large-scale coverage, but their spatial resolution is usually ~0.5-1 km. Other methods using light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and cadaster data achieve higher resolution and accuracy, but do not allow wall-to-wall mapping of large regions. Based on high-resolution Earth Observation data combined with material intensity factors (kg per m3 of building volume), we here quantify and map material stocks in buildings at the unprecedented resolution of 90 m globally. We distinguish 18 types of materials in five types of buildings. We find that global material stocks in buildings amount to 547 (391-672) Gt, approximately half of total global societal material stocks. We find highly unequal distributions of material stocks in buildings per capita and per unit area of each country. Our results agree well with previous detailed estimates of material stocks in buildings in dedicated regions or individual cities. Improved and harmonized material intensity factors emerge as a key research area for improving the accuracy of material stock maps. Our results are available as data products with high spatial and thematic resolution to facilitate future studies; e.g., of secondary resource potentials.
Suggested Data Citation
Data: WSF 3D data ©DLR [year of acquisition] All rights reserved. https://doi.org/10.15489/h80jhtr41x48
Coverage
		Yellow dots or areas indicate coverage range.
Geographic Boundaries
North:	78.00°
West:	180.00°
East:	180.00°
South:	-60.00°
Time Period
Start date:	2012-01-01
End date:	2019-12-31
More Information
Keywords:	DLR, EOC, global, WSF, 3D, building material, building volume, material stock, Material Flow analysis, Industrial Ecology, urbanization, opendata
Contact:	geoservice@dlr.de
Access / Use Restriction:	License
Data Use Guidelines	Creative Commons BY 4.0
Links
Mission / Project Information
World Settlement Footprint - DLR News	https://www.dlr.de/content/de/artikel/news/2022/02/20220510_dlr-daten-zeigen-wo-menschen-durch-naturkatastrophen-bedroht-sind.html World Settlement Footprint - DLR News
Scientific Publication	https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13585 Haberl, H., Baumgart, A., Zeidler, J., Schug, F., Frantz, D., Palacios-Lopez, D., Fishman, T., Peled, Y., Cai, B., Virág, D., Hostert, P., Wiedenhofer, D., & Esch, T. (2024). Weighing the global built environment: High-resolution mapping and quantification of material stocks in buildings. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 1–14.
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.15489/h80jhtr41x48 Digital Object Identifier
Downloading Data
GUI-based download (WSF 3D Material Stock)	https://download.geoservice.dlr.de/WSF3D_MATSTOCK/files/ GUI-based download