Tree Species - Sentinel-1/2 - Germany, 2022

The Tree Species Germany product provides a map of dominant tree species across Germany for the year 2022 at a spatial resolution of 10 meters. The map depicts the distribution of ten tree species groups derived from multi-temporal optical Sentinel-2 data, radar data from Sentinel-1, and a digital elevation model. The input features explicitly incorporate phenological information to capture seasonal vegetation dynamics relevant for species discrimination. A total of over 80,000 training and test samples were compiled from publicly accessible sources, including urban tree inventories, Google Earth Pro, Google Street View, and field observations. The final classification was generated using an XGBoost machine learning algorithm. The Tree Species Germany product achieves an overall F1-score of 0.89. For the dominant species pine, spruce, beech, and oak, class-wise F1-scores range from 0.76 to 0.98, while F1-scores for other widespread species such as birch, alder, larch, Douglas fir, and fir range from 0.88 to 0.96. The product provides a consistent, high-resolution, and up-to-date representation of tree species distribution across Germany. Its transferable, cost-efficient, and repeatable methodology enables reliable large-scale forest monitoring and offers a valuable basis for assessing spatial patterns and temporal changes in forest composition in the context of ongoing climatic and environmental dynamics.
Suggested Data Citation
German Aerospace Center (DLR) (2025): Tree Species - Sentinel-1/2 - Germany, 2022 https://doi.org/10.15489/smh8w3j8i962
Coverage
Geographic Boundaries
North:	55.0773°
West:	6.0926°
East:	15.5865°
South:	47.1996°
Time Period
Start date:	2021-03-01
End date:	2023-10-31
More Information
Keywords:	DLR, EOC, forest, tree species, machine learning, time-series, Sentinel-2, Sentinel-1, Germany, opendata
Contact:	geoservice@dlr.de
Access / Use Restriction:	License
Data Use Guidelines	Creative Commons BY 4.0
Links
Mission / Project Information
Reference	10.1080/01431161.2025.2530236 Wegler, M., Kacic, P., Thonfeld, F., Holzwarth, S., Jaggy, N., Gessner, U., & Kuenzer, C. (2025). Tree species from space: a new product for Germany based on Sentinel-1 and -2 time series. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1–34.
DOI (of Dataset)	https://doi.org/10.15489/smh8w3j8i962 Digital Object Identifier
EOC Geoservice Dataset Landing Page	https://geoservice.dlr.de/web/datasets/treespecies_de_2022 Dataset Landing Page
Downloading Data
HTTP Download (Tree Species Germany)	https://download.geoservice.dlr.de/TREE_SPECIES_DE/files/ HTTP Download
Data Visualization Service
EOC Geoservice Map Context (eoc:tcde:2022)	https://geoservice.dlr.de/web/maps/eoc:tcde:2022 EOC Geoservice Map Context
Tree Species - Sentinel-1/2 - Germany, 2022	https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/land/wms? TREE_SPECIES_DE_2022