SoilSuite - Sentinel-2 - Africa, 4 year composite (2018-2021)

The SoilSuite contains a collection of different image data products that provide information about the spectral and statistical properties of soils and other bare surfaces of three East-African countries (Rwanda, Kenya and Ethiopia). It is created using DLR's Soil Composite Mapping Processor (ScMAP), which utilises the Sentinel-2 data archive. SCMaP is a specialised processing chain for detecting and analysing bare soils/surfaces on a large (continental) scale. Bare surface and soil pixels are selected using a combined NDVI and NBR index (PVIR2) that optimises the exclusion of photosynthetically active and non-active vegetation. The index is calculated and applied for each individual pixel. All SoilSuite products are calculated based on the available Sentinel-2 scenes recorded between January 2018 and December 2021 in the target region. The data package excludes all scenes with a cloud cover of larger than 80 percent and a sun elevation of less than 20 degrees. The spectral composite products are calculated from the mean value after extensive removal of clouds, haze and snow effects at both scene and pixel level. The spectral data products are available at a pixel size of 20 m and contain 10 Sentinel-2 bands (B02, B03, B04, B05, B06, B07, B08, B08a, B11, B12). The SoilSuite comprises: (a) “Bare Surface Reflectance Composite – Mean” that provides the spectral properties of soils that vary due to different soil organic carbon (SOC) content, soil moisture and soil minerology. This product is often used for spectral and digital soil mapping approaches, (b) “Bare Surface Reflectance Composite - Standard deviation” informing about the spectral dynamic of bare surfaces and soils, (c) “Bare Surface Reflectance Composite – 95% Confidence” contains information about the reliability of the spectral information due to the number of valid observations per pixel, (d) “Bare Surface Statistics Product” provides the number of bare soil occurrences over the total number of valid observations (Band 1), the number of bare soil occurrences (Band 2) and the total number of valid observations (Band 3), (e) “Mask” is a product that aggregates simple landcover classes that occur during the time period between 2018 - 2021 (Sentinel-2). The three-class Mask contains bare surface occurrences (1), permanent vegetation (2) and other surfaces such as water bodies, urban areas, roads (3). Additionally, the SoilSuite provides (f) “Reflectance Composite – Mean” that represents the mean reflectance of all valid Sentinel-2 observations between 2018 – 2021 including vegetation, bare and other surfaces, and (g) “Reflectance Composite – Standard deviation”, which contains the standard deviation per band for all valid Sentinel-2 observations between 2018 – 2021. The SoilSuite Africa was produced as part of the Earth Observation-based derivation of soil information funded by the project 'Land, Soil and Crop Information Services (LSC-IS) to support Climate-Smart Agriculture (DeSIRA)'. LSC-IS is funded by the European Union through its DeSIRA program and the Netherlands' Ministry of Foreign Affairs, with a contribution from ISRIC - World Soil Information.
Suggested Data Citation
German Aerospace Center (DLR) (2025): SoilSuite - Sentinel-2 - Africa, 4 year composite (2018-2021) https://doi.org/10.15489/xhihk9rkff04
Coverage
Geographic Boundaries
North:	15.37°
West:	28.80°
East:	48.19°
South:	-5.51°
Time Period
Start date:	2018-01-01
End date:	2021-12-31
More Information
Keywords:	DLR, EOC, Land, SCMaP, Soil, Sentinel-2, Europe, Temporal Composites, Soil Coverage, Soil Composite Mapping Processor, Reflectance Composite, Surface Reflectance Composite, Bare Soil Coverage, Bare Soil Frequency, opendata
Contact:	geoservice@dlr.de
Access / Use Restriction:	License
Data Use Guidelines	Creative Commons BY 4.0
Links
Mission / Project Information
DOI (of Dataset)	https://doi.org/10.15489/xhihk9rkff04 Digital Object Identifier
Data Description	https://download.geoservice.dlr.de/SOILSUITE/files/AFRICA_4Y/000_Data_Overview/SoilSuite_Data_Description_Africa_V1.pdf SoilSuite Africa Data Description (pdf)
Scientific Publication	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.11.004 Rogge, D., Bauer, A, Zeidler, J., Müller, A., Esch, T. and Heiden, U. (2018). Building an exposed soil composite processor (SCMaP) for mapping spatial and temporal characteristics of soils with Landsat imagery (1984-2014). Remote Sensing of Environment, 205, 1-17. ISSN 0034-4257.
Scientific Publication	https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14184526 Heiden, U., d’Angelo, P., Schwind, P., Karlshöfer, P., Müller, R., Zepp, S., Wiesmeier, M., & Reinartz, P. (2022). Soil Reflectance Composites—Improved Thresholding and Performance Evaluation. Remote Sensing, 14(18), 4526.
EOC Geoservice Dataset Landing Page	https://geoservice.dlr.de/web/datasets/soilsuite_afr_4y Dataset Landing Page
Product Search / Ordering
Product Catalogue (STAC): SoilSuite	https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/ogc/stac/v1/collections/S2-soilsuite-africa-2018-2021-P4Y SoilSuite – Sentinel-2 – Africa, 4 year composite
Data Visualization Service
EOC Geoservice Map Context (eoc:soilsuite:5y:eur)	https://geoservice.dlr.de/web/maps/eoc:soilsuite:4y:afr EOC Geoservice Map Context
SoilSuite – Mask, Africa	https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/land/wms? SOILSUITE_MASK_AFR_P4Y
SoilSuite – Reflectance Composite – Standard deviation, Africa	https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/land/wms? SOILSUITE_MREF-STD_AFR_P4Y
SoilSuite – Reflectance Composite, Mean – Africa	https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/land/wms? SOILSUITE_MREF_AFR_P4Y
SoilSuite – Bare surface count, Africa	https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/land/wms? SOILSUITE_SFREQ-BSC_AFR_P4Y
SoilSuite – Bare surface frequency, Africa	https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/land/wms? SOILSUITE_SFREQ-BSF_AFR_P4Y
SoilSuite – Valid pixel count, Africa	https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/land/wms? SOILSUITE_SFREQ-VPC_AFR_P4Y
SoilSuite – Bare Surface Reflectance Composite – 95% Confidence, Africa	https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/land/wms? SOILSUITE_SRC-CI95_AFR_P4Y
SoilSuite – Bare Surface Reflectance Composite - Standard deviation, Africa	https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/land/wms? SOILSUITE_SRC-STD_AFR_P4Y
SoilSuite – Bare Surface Reflectance Composite – Mean, Africa	https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/land/wms? SOILSUITE_SRC_AFR_P4Y
Downloading Data
HTTP Download (SoilSuite)	https://download.geoservice.dlr.de/SOILSUITE/files/AFRICA_4Y/ HTTP Download